Kamis, 14 April 2016

Personal Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns


PRONOUNS
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of or refers to a noun. You may recall that a noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.



PERSONAL PRONOUNS
A personal pronoun is a pronoun that is associated primarily with a particular person, in the grammatical sense.
When discussing “person” in terms of the grammatical, the following rules apply:
·         First person, as in “I”
·         Second person, as in “you”
·         Third person, as in “It, he, she”

Personal pronouns may take on various forms depending on number (singular or plural for the most part). They may also take different forms depending on case, gender, or formality. It is important to note that personal pronouns may refer to objects, animals, or people.
Personal pronouns provide us with the following information:
·         The person – Who is speaking?
·         The number – Is the pronoun plural or singular?
·         The gender – Is the pronoun feminine, masculine, or neuter?


number
person
gender
personal pronouns
subject
object
singular
1st
male/ female
I
me
2nd
male/ female
you
you
3rd
male
he
him
female
she
her
neuter
it
it
plural
1st
male/ female
we
us
2nd
male/ female
you
you
3rd
male/ female/ neuter
they
them



1.     Subject Pronouns

Subject pronouns replace nouns that are the subject of their clause. In the 3rd person, subject pronouns are often used to avoid repetition of the subject's name.
Examples :
  • I like coffee.
  • Do you like coffee?
  • He runs fast.
  • She is clever.
  • It doesn't work.
  • We went home.
  • Do you need a table for three?
  • They played doubles.

2.     Object Pronouns

Object pronouns are used to replace nouns that are the direct or indirect object of a clause.

Examples  :
  • John helped me.
  • John loves you.
  • Did Ram beat him?
  • Does Mary know her?
  • Can the man fix it?
  • Anthony drove us.
  • Did John and Mary beat you at doubles?
  • John and Mary beat them.


POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

Possessive pronouns replace possessive nouns as either the subject or the object of a clause. Because the noun being replaced doesn't appear in the sentence, it must be clear from the context.
Below are the possessive pronouns, followed by some example sentences. Notice that each possessive pronoun can:
  • be subject or object
  • refer to a singular or plural antecedent

number
person
gender (of "owner")
possessive pronouns
singular
1st
male/ female
mine
2nd
male/ female
yours
3rd
male
his
female
hers
plural
1st
male/ female
ours
2nd
male/ female
yours
3rd
male/ female/ neuter
theirs
Examples :
  • Look at these pictures. Mine is the big one. (subject = My picture)
  • I like your flowers. Do you like mine? (object = my flowers) 
  • I looked everywhere for your key. I found John's key but I couldn't find yours. (object = your key)
  • My flowers are dying. Yours are lovely. (subject = Your flowers) 
  • All the essays were good but his was the best. (subject = his essay)
  • John found his passport but Mary couldn't find hers. (object = her passport)
  • John found his clothes but Mary couldn't find hers. (object = her clothes) 
  • Here is your car. Ours is over there, where we left it. (subject = Our car)
  • Your photos are good. Ours are terrible. (subject = Our photos) 
  • Each couple's books are colour-coded. Yours are red. (subject = Your books)
  • I don't like this family's garden but I like yours. (object = your garden) 
  • These aren't John and Mary's children. Theirs have black hair. (subject = Their children)
  • John and Mary don't like your car. Do you like theirs? (object = their car)


REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the clause because the subject of the action is also the direct or indirect object. Only certain types of verbs can be reflexive. You cannot remove a reflexive pronoun from a sentence because the remaining sentence would be grammatically incorrect.



reflexive pronoun
singular
myself
yourself
himself
herselfitself
plural
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
Examples :
  • He accidentally cut himself while he was chopping the vegetables.
  • She bought a present for herself.
  • We helped ourselves to the free drinks at the launch party.
  • They injured themselves during the rugby match.
  • I enjoyed myself at the concert.
  • The dog is scratching itself – it must have fleas!
  • You’re going to have to drive yourself to school today

References :


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